There are a number of filters that photographer’s use most of the time and even combinations of different filters are occasionally used to get the desired effect. Filters come in two shapes; a) Circular: The size of the filters depend on the diameter of the lens and they usually are like; 49mm, 52mm, 55mm, 67mm, 77mm, and so on. b) Square: This filter comes in standard sizes and they can be used on lens with different diameters with help of adapter ring.
UV and Haze Filters : These are more important on film cameras because of the damaging effect UV light has on film. On digital cameras, they are used more for protection of the lens than their optical improvements.
Polarizer Filters : Polarizing lens filters are made of two pieces of glass put together. They are primarily used to increasing the color saturation and reducing glare in pictures. A polarizing filter cuts reflections from water or glass which gives a subtle look and objects do not appear very shiny. It also enhances colors and reduces haze. Polarizing filters are very useful when taking photographs indoors. You may have experienced that when you take a picture of a person wearing glasses their eyes don’t show since the reflection from their glasses obscures them, a polarizing filter will cut out the reflection and the persons’ eyes won’t be obscured any more.
Neutral Density Filters: Neural density filers are used to limit the amount of light that enters the lens to slow the shutter speed. These filters reduce the amount of light entering the camera which gives you the benefit of taking a longer exposure; it is good if you want to take a picture of flowing water like waterfalls, or streams, the resulting image will make the water very smooth. (Photographing waterfalls, to blur the rushing water). These filters come in 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9, which lowers the f-stop by 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
Graduated Neutral Density Filters: These are filters that block most of the light on one end, and gradually allow more and more light in as you move across the filter. These are useful for sunrises and sunsets, because you can limit the bright light from the sun but still keep the exposure correct for the landscape.
Temperature Filters: Temperature filters can be either cooling or warming, and are used to adjust the white balance of a picture. They are very useful with unnatural light and underwater photography.
Warming & Cooling Filters: These filters were more useful when using film, with digital cameras however, the use of these filters become somewhat redundant since you can set the white balance according to your needs and that takes care of the warmth or the cool.
CPL Filter:This filter can be used to rule out and filter the scattering of light beam and make the light on the straight to your eyes, and then the view will be clear and natural. Give you better photographic.
Enhancements Filters: These come in Red, Blue, Green, and enhances that particular color. There is a sepia filter as well, which makes photos have an old look, however, this filter has become redundant as well since you can add the sepia from an image enhancement software and even from your digital camera. However many photographers prefer the authentic look of using a filter over software.
White balance：White balance is an important accessory on photograph shooting. It brings smart and creditable picture to you. The white balance of the camera or DV sometimes can not be modulated just follow our mind.
Graduated Color Filters: These filters can make landscape photographs look even more beautiful, you can make the skies bluer, or you can add a really nice golden to a sunset or a sunrise. These filters come in a variety of colors.
There are many more filters as well, such as Infra-red, for Macro shots, Star effects, Dual color, soft effects and other special effect filters. However, most of these effects can be achieved using Photoshop or some other photo editing software with similar results. Most of the professional photographers recommend the use of polarizing filters, neutral density filters and graduated color filters with your DSLRs. The most common filter is the UV filter that cuts out harmful rays and acts as a protection for your lens (Filter can help protect your camera lens against dust, moisture, fingerprints, scratches and damage).
Always have a filter on your lens; having a filter get scratched is a lot better than getting your lens scratched.
Happy Clicking !!
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